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Which of the following statements about pH is true?

  1. pH is always a whole number

  2. pH levels can range from 0 to 14

  3. pH is only applicable to liquids

  4. pH is constant regardless of temperature

The correct answer is: pH levels can range from 0 to 14

The statement that pH levels can range from 0 to 14 is indeed true and reflects the standard pH scale used in chemistry and esthetics. This range indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, where 0 represents a highly acidic solution, 7 is neutral, and 14 represents a highly alkaline solution. This scale is fundamental in esthetics, particularly when formulating products or performing treatments, as it helps professionals understand how different substances may interact with the skin. In contrast, the other statements do not accurately describe pH. While pH can be represented in decimals, implying that it is not limited to whole numbers, it is more nuanced in its application across various substances, not just confined to liquids. Furthermore, pH does change with temperature; for example, as temperature increases, the pH of pure water drops slightly, indicating that it is not constant across different thermal conditions. Therefore, the correct understanding of the pH scale being between 0 and 14 is essential for anyone working in esthetics and related fields.